Fig.4
From: Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future
Summary of organoid establishment, sources and applications. Digest patient-derived cell lines, cancer specimens and stem cells into separated cells. Then, culture as patient-derived organoids (PDOs) by the hanging drop method. The PDOs can be used to build a biobank and perform single-cell sequencing, drug screening and genetic analyses. These results will aid in the development of personalized treatment for the patient