Fig. 4

Siglec-15 inhibition diminishes the autophagy process by inactivating the Beclin-1/ATG14 pathway. a Bioinformatics prediction of the interaction between Siglec-15 and Beclin-1 (http://genemania.org/). b Immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the interaction between Siglec-15 and Beclin-1 (up). Recombinant GST-Beclin-1 conjugated beads were used to examine relative amounts of co-precipitating Siglec-15 (down). c Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1, ATG14, LC3 and p62. d Representative TEM images present the ultrastructures during autophagy after Siglec-15 depletion. The images show more autophagic vacuoles (arrows) observed in control cells. e Punctate LC3 levels in the control and Siglec-15 inhibition groups are presented and quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001