Fig. 1

The transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rMC1 cells is quickly induced by high glucose. A Whole cell extracts of rMC1 cells challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose and 5 mmol/L glucose or 20 mmol/L mannitol (a representative low glucose lane is reported in all figures showing immunoblots) for the indicated time-points were analysed by Wb (labelled as “IB” throughout all figures) and probed with antibodies raised against IL-1β and IL-12. Total proteins stained by Ponceau S were used as loading control. Histograms show the densitometric analysis of the immunoreactive bands; data are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; a representative blot is shown. Statistics refer to the comparison between high and low glucose treated cells. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test: ***p < 0.001. B RT-PCR analysis of a selection of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the same sample groups as in A. Transcript levels of high glucose treated cells were compared to low glucose and mannitol treated cells. β-actin was used as internal control. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3); one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (n = 3): **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001