Fig. 5

HBx activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways in cultured human podocytes and HK-2 cells. A Western blotting evaluating Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-MTOR levels among different groups in HK-2 cells treated with or without inhibition of DNMT1. B Western blotting evaluating P65, p-P65, IκBα, and p-IκBα levels in HK-2 cells exposed to siDNMT1 or not across diverse groups. C Representative micrographs showing the immunostaining for p-NF-κB P65 within HK-2 cells among different groups. Scale bar: 10 and 50 μm. D Western blotting evaluating P65, p-P65, IκBα and p-IκBα levels within podocytes exposed to siDNMT1 or not across diverse groups. E Representative micrographs showing the immunostaining for p-NF-κB P65 among different groups in podocytes as indicated. Scale bar: 50 μm and 10 μm. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of 3 separate assays. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01