Table 1 Major SASP components in different senescent cell types contribute to the mechanisms of atherosclerosis
From: The multifaceted role of the SASP in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Cell type | SASP components | Effect on atherosclerosis | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Senescent endothelial cell | IL-6 | Form atherosclerotic plaques and cause thrombosis | [52] |
IL-1 | Recruit more immune cells and form atherosclerotic plaques | [95] | |
IL-8 | Form atherosclerotic plaques and cause thrombosis | [52] | |
IL-15 | Form atherosclerotic plaques | [52] | |
MCP-1 | Recruit more immune cells and form atherosclerotic plaques | [95] | |
TNF | Recruit more immune cells and form atherosclerotic plaques | [95] | |
ICAM-1,VCAM-1 | Recruit circulating monocytes and vascular injury | ||
ET-1 | Vascular endothelial dysfunction | [97] | |
PAI-1 | Cause thrombosis | ||
VEGF | Promote plaque angiogenesis and vascular remodeling | ||
Senescent vascular smooth muscle cell | IL-1α | Leading to inflammation and monocyte chemotaxis, and proteolysis | [17] |
IL-6 | Leading to inflammation and impaired vascular mitochondrial function | [45] | |
IL-8 | Induce angiogenesis in coronary plaques | [101] | |
CCL-3, 4 | Recruit monocyte/macrophage cells and increase plaque size | [101] | |
MCP-1 | Recruit monocyte cells | [17] | |
TGF-β1 | Enhance arterial stiffness and initiate the senescence of other cells | [102] | |
MMP-1,2,3,7,8,9, 10,12,13,14 | Fibrous cap of the plaque becomes thinner and extracellular matrix degradation | ||
OPG | Vascular calcification; | [105] | |
VEGF | Promote plaque angiogenesis and vascular remodeling | ||
Senescent T cell | IL-6 | Leading to inflammation | [68] |
TNF-α | Leading to inflammation | ||
IFN-γ | Induces the activation of macrophages | [107] | |
Senescent macrophage | IL-1β | Leading to inflammation | |
IL-6 | Leading to inflammation | ||
TNF-α | Leading to inflammation | ||
MMP-3, 13 | Extracellular matrix degradation and thinning of the fibrous cap in artery |