Table 1 A comparison of AMT/T methods
From: Mitochondrial transfer/transplantation: an emerging therapeutic approach for multiple diseases
Methods | Donor | Recipient | Transfer efficiency | Therapeutic effect | Retention time | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coculture | WJMSCs | 143B ρ0 cells | NA | Proliferation↑ Aerobic viability↑ Cellular motility↑ | 45passages (135 days) | [83] |
Coculture | MSCs | EMCs | 12.4 ± 3.5% (24 h) | Necroptosis-like cell death of MSCs↑ | NA | [84] |
Coincubation | Mitochondria from MSCs | EMCs | 48.9 ± 2.9% (24 h) | Necroptosis-like cell death↑ | NA | [84] |
Coincubation | Mitochondria from TAT‐dextran modified H9c2 cells | EMCs | 170.3 ± 15.7% (24 h) | Bax to Bcl-2 ratio↓ Mitochondrial respiration↑ | NA | [84] |
Coincubation | Mitochondria from EMCs | EMCs | 0.5–27.6% (mitochondria dose-dependent; 24 h) | Cellular viability↑ ATP production↑ Mitochondrial respiration↑ | 1 week | [85] |
Coincubation | Mitochondria from MRC-5 | MRC-5 | 0–17% (over 3 days) | Mitochondria respiration↑ | NA | [63] |
Magnetomito transfer | Mitochondria from MRC-5 | MRC-5 | 78–92% (over 3 days) | Mitochondria respiration↑↑ Cell growth— | NA | [63] |
MitoCeption | Mitochondria from MSC | MDA-MB-231 cancer cells | ~ 1.9–7.1% (mitochondria dose-dependent; 24 h) | OXPHOS↑ ATP production↑ Cancer cell invasion and proliferation↑ | NA | [62] |
Adapted MitoCeption | Primary allogeneic mitochondrial mix | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 5–40%; 60–100%; (mitochondria dose-dependent; cell type dependent; 1 h, 18 h) | Mitochondrial mass, function, and viability↑ P53↓ ROS↓ ATP production↑ | NA | [86] |
MitoCeption | Mitochondria from HEK293T cells | 143BTK ρ0 cells/BJ ρ0 cells | ~ 80–25% (2 h) | ATP production↑ Mitochondrial respiration↑ | Stably retained in 143BTK ρ0 cells | [69] |
MitoPunch | Mitochondria from HEK293T cells | 143BTK ρ0 cells/BJ ρ0 cells | ~ 50–10% (2 h) | ATP production↑↑ Mitochondrial respiration↑↑ | Stably retained in both 143BTK ρ0 and BJ ρ0 cells | [69] |
Photothermal nanoblade | Mitochondria from HEK293T cells | 143BTK-ρ0 cells | ~ 2% | Metabolism-related gene expression↑ Metabolic network activity↑ Metabolite levels↑ | Stably retained | [67] |
Cell fusion | Different donor | Different recipient | 0.0001–0.5% | NA | NA | [67] |