In vitro system | Origin of EVs | Yield | Harvest time | Medium supplement | Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10-layer Nunc™ EasyFill™ Cell Factory™ (2D) systems (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) | UC-MSC | 1.36 × 109 ± 3.49 × 108 up to 5.96 × 109 ± 7.11 × 108 particles/mL | 48 h over 6 days | OxiumTMEXO | [70] |
Quantum (3D) bioreactor culture system (Terumo BCT, USA) | BM MSC-derived Evs | 1.04 × 1010 particles/mL | 48 h over 12 days | α MEM supplemented with 1% L-glutamine, 5% human platelet lysate, and 1% penicillin-strep- tomycin | [31] |
Microcarrier-based (2.5D) culture in stirred tank bioreactor | UC-MSC | 27-fold | 48Â h | serum-/xenofree StemPro medium (A1067501; Life Technologies, USA) | [52] |
Microcarrier-based (2.5D) cultivation in spinner flask | hBM-MSC | 1 × 1011 particles/mL | 48 h over 7 days | 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) | [74] |
Hollow fiber (3D) bioreactor (Fibercell Systems, USA) | hBM-MSCs | 5.5 × 1010 particles/mL | 24 h over 25 days | RoosterCollect-EV ser-/xeno-free medium (RoosterBio Inc., cat.#M2001) | [71] |
Microcarrier-based (2.5D) cultivation in Vertical-Wheel™ | AD-MSC | 3.1 ± 1.3 × 1011 | 48 h | DMEM low glucose, 5% v/v UltraGRO™-PURE, Antibiotic–Antimycotic 1x | [87] |
BM-MSC | 2.8 ± 0.1 × 1011 | ||||
UC-MSC | 4.1 ± 1.7 × 1011 EV particles |