Fig. 2

Effect of activated OEC-CM on biological behaviors of vascular endothelial cells. a In vitro representative photomicrograph of micro-vessels sprouted from young rat aortic rings embedded in Matrigel and incubated with OECs-CM or control media. Scale bar: 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of sprout areas induced by incubation with each media group. c Phase-contrast micrographs of HUVECs at the initial time and 24 h following monolayer scratch wounding. Scale bar: 100 μm. d The migration of HUVECs within the scratch in the presence of different media groups. Healing index = (initial area—final area)/ initial area × 100%. e Representative images of HUVEC tube formation in vitro after culturing with OEC-CM or control media. Scale bar: 100 μm. f Effects of OECs-CM culture on cell proliferation by CCK-8 in HUVECs. g–j Quantitative evaluation of the number of capillary lengths, number of nodes, number of junctions (branch points), and number of meshes(loops) after treating HUVECs with OECs-CM. All data are reported as the mean ± SD of results from three independent experiments. ACM activated OECs-CM, UCM unactivated OECs-CM, n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005, ****P < 0.001 vs the corresponding groups