Fig. 1

TF changes TG content and genetic pattern in adipocytes. Deprived differentiated adipocytes from c3H10T1/2 were treated with TF or vehicle (CT) at the indicated times and concentrations. A Representative image of LD stained with Oil-red O inside adipocytes after 24 h TF 50 µM. B Quantification of TG contained in LD, stained with AdipoRed after 24 h TF at different concentrations or C after different times with 50 µM TF or D after 24 h 100 nM insulin (INS) and TF 50 µM co-treatment. Insulin was added 15 min before TF or vehicle. E mRNA expression fold changes after 24 h TF 50 µM, analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin, of markers for inflammation (IL6 and MCP1), adipogenesis, (PPARγ, Leptin), proliferation (PCNA), browning (UCP1), and F lipid metabolism FABP4, FAT, AQP7, FASN, HSL, ATGL. G Representative immunoblots and densitometric analysis of phosphorylated HSL at Ser660 (P-HSL) vs total HSL protein contents; actin content is shown as endogenous control. H 24 h glycerol concentration in the supernatant secreted by cultured adipocytes treated with IBMX (0.5 mM), VH, TF or VH in undifferentiated C3H10t1/2 cells (C3H). Scale bars 50 μm. N = 8–12. Data are shown as % mean ± SEM vs CT. *p < 0.05 vs CT. #p < 0.05 vs TF