Fig. 2

Inhibition of cellular glycolysis suppresses viral replication. Cells were infected by MHV (MOI 0.1 and 0.05) for 24 h. A RNA expression of MHV in cells incubated in replete (glucose 450 mg/dl, pyruvate 0.5 mM) or undernourished medium (glucose 50 mg/dl, pyruvate 0 mM). Rplp0 was used for an internal control. B Western blot analysis and quantification of SPIKE in cells incubated in replete or undernourished medium. β-actin was used for an internal control. C Viability of cells incubated for 24 h with medium collected from MHV-infected cells which were treated as indicated. D RNA expression of MHV in cells (24 hpi, MOI 0.05) pre-treated with glycolysis inhibitors (2-Deoxyglucose, 2-DG; Phenylalanine, PHA, 2 h) in replete medium (glucose 450 mg/dl, pyruvate 0.5 mM). Rplp0 was used for an internal control. E Illustration of metabolic intervention induced by depletion of cellular energy. Values represent means ± SD. *p < 0.05. One-way ANOVA followed by a tukey’s multiple comparison test. All experiments were repeated at least 3 times