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Fig. 1 | Cell & Bioscience

Fig. 1

From: The interplay of autophagy and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and therapy of retinal degenerative diseases

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram for components of each ATG-mediated complex and their involvement in autophagy steps. ULK1/2, BECN1, ATG9 and ubiquitin-like (LC3 and ATG12)-mediated complexes are the four major complexes involved in the core machinery of autophagy, from the PAS to autophagosome maturation/fusion. Many complexes are involved in several stages of autophagy, such as the ULK1/2-mediated complex involved in the PAS, autophagosome nucleation and elongation, since ULK1/2 can phosphorylate and activate many components of the other complexes. AMPK and MTORC are positive and negative regulators of ULK1/2, respectively. Moreover, LC3 and ATG12 are also involved in tethering complexes for the specificity of autophagosomal fusion with lysosomes

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