Allogeneic vs. autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in their medication practice

Li, Chenghai; Zhao, Hua; Cheng, Linna; Wang, Bin

doi:10.1186/s13578-021-00698-y

Cell & Bioscience

Table 1 Summary of clinical studies with autologous and allogeneic MSCs

From: Allogeneic vs. autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in their medication practice

Disease/condition	Auto/allo	Source	Study category/	Single dose of MSCs	Therapeutic effect	References
Disease/condition	Auto/allo	Source	Phase	(× 10⁶ cells)	Therapeutic effect	References
Cardiomyopathy	Auto	BM	Cohort trial	0.5–1.0/kg or 2.0–3.0/kg	Improvement of clinical symptoms and left ventricular function in patients with chronic severe refractory dilated cardiomyopathy	[44]
	Auto	BM	Randomized and controlled trial	3.08 ± 0.52	No improvement in myocardial viability and function in acute STEMI patients	[45]
	Auto	BM	Phase I trial	N/A	Cardiac function and quality of life improved in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgical revascularization at one-year follow-up	[46]
	Auto	BM	Phase I/II trial	61.5/10–16 viable sites	Improvement in cardiac performance, left ventricular remodeling, and patient quality of life	[47]
	Auto	BM	Randomized and controlled trial	77.5 ± 67.9 (inter-quartile range 53.8)	Improvement in end-systolic volume, EF, stroke volume, cardiac output and myocardial mass at 6 months follow-up in MSC-treated patients with chronic ischaemic heart failure	[48]
	Allo	BM	Phase I trial	Dose-ranging (0.5, 1.6 and 5/kg)	Improvement in left ventricular EF and remodeling in MSC-treated patients with acute myocardial infarction	[49]
	Allo vs. auto	BM	Phase I/II	100/10 LV sites	Safety of the intervention of allo or auto MSCs and great improvement in EF, 6MWT, MLHFQ, and endothelial restoration in allo compared to auto MSC injection in patients with chronic non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy	[50]
	Allo vs. auto	BM	Phase I/II	Serially escalated: 20, 100, or 200/10 LV sites	Improvement in functional status and quality of life in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy	[51]
Lupus/lupus nephritis	Auto	BM	Case series study	N/A	No change in SLE activity indexes but increase in T regulatory cells during 14 weeks of follow-up	[57]
	Allo	BM	Case series study	1.5/kg	Complete or partial remission of SLE after MSC infusion through a 9-month follow-up	[61]
	Allo	BM	Phase I/II	1.0/kg	Improvement of clinical outcomes and decrease of serological autoimmune markers at 1-year follow-up	[62]
	Allo	UC	Phase I/II	1.0/kg	Mixed clinical outcomes presented, as showed 32.5% and 27.5% of patients with MCR and PCR to MSC infusion, respectively, and 12.5% and 16.7% of patients with disease relapse at 9 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively	[63]
DM/DM complication	Auto	BM	Randomized and controlled trial	N/A	Improvement of healing in type 2 DM patients with critical limb ischemia after 24 weeks of follow-up	[70]
	Auto	BM	Phase I	N/A	Safe and effective therapeutic option for Bullosis diabeticorum	[71]
	Auto	BM	Pilot trial	3/kg	Therapeutic safety and effectiveness in diabetic retinopathy	[72]
	Allo	BM	Phase I/II	Dose-escalating, 0.3, 1.0 or 2.0/kg	Safety and feasibility of MSC therapy for type 2 DM during a 12-week period	[73]
	Allo	WJ	Phase I/II	1.0/kg	Therapeutic potential in type 2 DM, as showed the improvement in laboratory parameters and systemic inflammation	[74]
	Allo	BM	Phase I/II	150 or 300	Improvement in glomerular filtration rate at 12 weeks post-infusion in patients with DM nephropathy	[75]
	Allo	UC	Phase I/II	1.1/kg	Metabolic improvement in type 1 DM patients treated with MSC transplantation in combination with auto BM mononuclear cells	[76]
	Allo vs. auto	AT	Open-labeled and two-armed trial	103.14 mL with 2.65 ± 0.8 × 10⁴ ISCs/kg or 95.33 mL with 2.07 ± 0.67 × 10⁴ ISCs/kg	Reduction in insulin requirement and a better long-term hyperglycemia control in type 1 DM patients treated with co-infusion of auto insulin-secreting MSCs and BM-derived HSCs, compared with allo stem cell therapy	[77]
Bone/cartilage repair	Auto	BM	Phase I/II	10 or 100	Clinical and functional improvement of knee osteoarthritis after intra-articular injection of MSCs versus hyaluronic acid during follow-up of 12 months	[83]
	Auto	BM	Phase I/II	10 or 100	Clinical and functional improvement of knee osteoarthritis after intra-articular injection of MSCs versus hyaluronic acid during follow-up of 4 years	[84]
	Auto	AT	Phase IIb	100	Clinical and functional improvement and pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis at 6 months of follow-up	[85]
	Auto	AT	Phase IIb	50	Clinical and functional improvement and cartilage regeneration in patient with knee osteoarthritis at 12 months of follow-up	[86]
	Allo	BM	Phase II	Dose escalation: 20, 50, 75, or 150	Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with a twenty-five-million-cell dose of MSCs shown a trend toward pain reduction	[87]
	Allo	BM	Phase I/II	40	Improvement of both pain and cartilage quality without major adverse events in patients with knee osteoarthritis	[88]
	Allo	AT	Randomized and controlled trial	3.9 or 6.7	Improvement in pain scores and quantitative MRI assessments	[89]
	Allo	Placenta	Pilot trial	50–60	Safety in intra-articular injection of MSCs and clinical improvements at 24-week follow-up	[90]
	Allo	UC	Phase I/II	20	Improvement in pain and clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis patients	[91]
Cancer	Auto	BM	Phase I/II	1.0–2.2/kg	Rapid hematopoietic recovery after co-infusion of auto MSCs and auto peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with advanced breast cancer	[94]
	Auto	BM	Phase I	1.0 or 1.5/kg	Safety and feasibility of MSC infusion in combination with ganciclovir in patients with advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma	[95]
	Auto	BM	Phase I/II	3.0/kg	Safe and tolerable treatment with MSC infusion in combination with ganciclovir in patients with advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma	[96]
	Allo	BM	Phase I	1.0 or 2.0/kg	Safe MSC infusion in prostate cancer patients but no homing of MSCs to the primary tumors at sufficient levels	[97]
	Allo	UC	Cohort study	1.14/kg	Enhancement of hematopoietic recovery and reduction of GVHD incidence in acute leukemia children when co-transfusion of MSCs and HSCs	[98]
	Allo	UC	Cohort study	N/A	Enhancement of hematopoietic recovery when co-transplantation of MSCs and cord blood in high-risk leukemia patients	[110]
	Allo	BM	Retrospective study	6.81/kg	Response rate to MSC infusion among 50% patients with steroid-refractory acute GVHD III/IV	[111]
Tissue fibrosis	Auto	BM	Phase II	50	Histological improvement in 54.5% patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis following MSC therapy	[112]
	Auto	BM	Phase I	100	Improvement in laboratory parameters such as liver function and quality of life for patients with liver cirrhosis	[113]
	Auto	BM	Phase II	50	Reduction of hepatic fibrosis and improvement of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis	[114]
	Allo	BM	Phase I	20, 100, or 200	Safety of a single of MSC infusion up to 2 × 10⁸ cells/infusion in IPF patients	[115]
	Allo	Placenta	Phase Ib	1.0 or 2.0/kg	Feasibility and short-term safety of MSC infusion in patient with IPF	[116]
	Allo	UC	Phase I/II	1.0/kg	Improvement of lung function and computed tomography imaging after MSC infusion combined with plasmapheresis in systemic sclerosis patients	[117]

6MWT Six Minute Walk Test, Allo allogeneic, AT adipose tissue, Auto autologous, BM bone marrow, BMDM diabetes mellitus, EF ejection fraction, HSCs hematopoietic stem cells, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ISCs insulin-secreting MSCs, kg kilogram body weight, LV left ventricular, MCR major clinical response, MLHFQ Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, N/A not available, PCR partial clinical response, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, UC umbilical cord, WJ Wharton’s jelly

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