Vectors/Routes | Neurotrophic factors | Disease model | Related pathways | Possible consequence of neurotrophic factor | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell/stem cell | Mesenchymal stem cells | IGF-1 | SCI rats | Axonal Extension/survival | Extended the axons and improved the corticospinal motor neurons |
BDNF | MS mice | Inflammation | Raised BDNF and GAD67and the L-4,-10,-1, diminished TNF-α and IFN-γ and improved re-myelination | ||
GDNF | PD rats | Dopamine pathway | Enhanced sprouting of dopaminergic terminals | ||
NT-3 | SCI rats | Axonal extension/survival | Induced motor function, axonal regrowth and survival | ||
NGF BDNF NT-3 | TBI rats | Apoptosis | Enhanced p-Akt and decreased caspase-3 | ||
BDNF | PD rats | Â | Enhanced TH positive cell number, PCNA expression and motor function | ||
CNTF | SCI rats | Â | Improved BBB test performance | ||
BDNF | HD mice | Neurogenesis | Diminished striatum atrophy and anxiety and raised neurogenesis and life span | ||
Neural stem cells | BDNF | AD mice | Synaptic pathways | Improved synaptic density and behavioral function | |
GDNF | ALS rats | Â | Caused differentiation in astrocytes | ||
Neurotrophic factor secreting cells | BDNF GDNF NGF | HD rats | Â | Could migrate to lesion site | |
PD rats | Survival pathways | Enhanced survival of DA neurons and improved motor and behavioral functions | |||
PD rats | Regeneration | Upregulated dopamine level and regenerated the network of DA nerve end in striatum | |||
MS mice | Â | Decreased the disease symptom and enhanced life span | |||
HD rats | Neuroprotection | Improved behavioral function | |||
SCI rats | Remyelination/survival | Improved myelin and raised the number of oligodendrocyte | |||
MS rats | Â | Enhanced MBP and Olig2 proteins expression | |||
Immune cells | GDNF | PD rats | Axonal regeneration/survival | Improved open field activity, regenerated axons and preserved TH positive neurons | |
NTN | PD rats | Synaptic pathway/survival | Preserved TH positive neurons, improved synapses and behavioral function | ||
GDNF | PD mice | Â | Could cross the BBB and delivered GDNF to the DA neurons | ||
GDNF | PD mice | Inflammation/proliferation | Enhanced motor function and DA neuron number and reduced α-synuclein and inflammation | ||
GDNF | PD mice | Dopamine pathway | Raised TH positive neurons number and motor/non motor function | ||
C2C12 cells | CNTF | AD mice | Synaptic pathway/survival | Restored synapses and survival signaling and cognitive function | |
hUCBCs | VEGF GDNF | ALS mice | Â | Improved behavioral performance and increased the mean life-span | |
HEK293 | GDNF | PD mice | Â | Enhanced TH positive neurons and motor function | |
Virus | Adeno-associated virus | IGF-I | ALS rats | Â | Improved motor function in male rats |
BDNF | SCI rats | Apoptosis | decreased caspase-3 and upregulated NG2 expressing cell number | ||
EPO | PD rats | Â | Bettered DA neurons population and motor function | ||
GDNF | Healthy rats | Â | Rapamycin regulated GDNF releasing | ||
IGF-1 | SMA mice | Apoptosis | Restrained apoptosis | ||
BDNF | SCI rats | Axonal regeneration | Regenerated axons but worsened motor function and caused spasticital symptoms | ||
BDNF | AD mice | Synaptic pathway/survival | Improved behavioral function, neuronal survival and synapses | ||
Lentivirus | BDNF | SCI rats | Axonal expansion | Elongated axons in neurons | |
BDNF NT-3 | SCI rats | Axonal regeneration | Regenerated and remyelinated axons | ||
NT-3 | SCI rat | Â | Improved neurons, locomotor function and diminished the astrocyte level | ||
NT-3 NT-3/SHH | SCI mice | Axonal regeneration | Raised axonal regeneration, remyelination and enhanced the number of glial cells | ||
GDNF | AD mice | Â | Enhanced learning and memory and BDNF level but decreased cognition | ||
Biomaterial | Microspheres | GDNF | PD rats | Â | Ameliorated rotational behavior and extended TH positive fibers |
Chitosan | NGF | Healthy rats | Â | Upgraded bioavailability of NGF up to 14 fold | |
PNIPAAm-g-PEG PNIPAAm-g-MC | BDNF | SCI rats | Axonal regeneration | Enhanced axonal regeneration | |
HAMC hydrogel | EPO | Stroke mice | Neurogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis | Enhanced neurogenesis, mediated inflammation and diminished the apoptosis | |
 | BDNF | SCI rat | Survival pathway/inflammation | Progressed neuronal survival and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines | |
DCH | NGF | Healthy mice | Cholinergic system | Caused hypertrophy of cholinergic neurons | |
Gelatin nanoparticles | bFGF | PD rats | Dopamine pathway | Improvement of DA function in synapses | |
Collagen hydrogel | MSCs GDNF | Healthy rats | Survival pathway | Moderated neuroglia activation, improved cell survival and GDNF secretion | |
collagen conduits | NT-3 | Healthy rats | Axonal extension | Improved axonal extension | |
Hyaluronan hydrogel | NT-3 | SCI rats | Axonal regeneration | Regenerated and enlarged the axons, did not induce the astroglial response and improve motor function | |
BDNF | Stroke mice | Axonal regeneration/survival | Regenerated axons and caused migration and survival of immature neurons | ||
Fibrin | NT-3 | SCI rats | Synaptic pathway | Advanced neuronal fiber density and diminished glial scar | |
NT3 PDGF with ESNPCs | SCI rat | Survival pathway | Enhanced ESNPC derived mature neurons and survival of ESNPC in the lesion site | ||
RDP | BDNF | Healthy mice | Survival | Reduced infarct volume and neural loss | |
nano-particle polyion complex with PEG/PGA copolymers | BDNF | Stroke mice | Â | upgraded memory and cognitive function and sustained myelin base proteins | |
PLGA/ nanoparticles/ poloxamer 188 (PX) coated | BDNF | TBI mice | Â | Restored cognition and neurological loss | |
HyStem®-C hydrogel | BDNF | Stroke rats |  | Improved sensorimotor function tests, diminished infarct volume and glial markers | |
PLGA/GO electrospun nanofibers | IGF-1 BDNF | SCI rats | Â | Increased the lesion site population of neurons, locomotor function and moderated the formation of cavity | |
Ultrasound& MBs | Â | BDNF | Healthy mice | Â | Enhanced BDNF concentration in target site |
GDNF | Healthy rats | Â | Could cross through BBB and were delivered locally in an non-invasive way | ||
BDNF GDNF NTN | Healthy mice | Â | Started molecular signaling of hippocampal pyramidal neurons inside the nucleus | ||
NTN | Healthy mice | Â | Upregulated the NTN levels in caudoputamen and substantia nigra, began the signaling pathway | ||
GDNF | PD rats | Â | Improved motor and behavioral functions | ||
Pump | Â | BDNF | HD mice | Â | Mediated function and motor coordination, lingered life time and downregulated the microglial reaction |
CNTF | MS rats | Inflammation | Restricted inflammation, diminished demyelination, axonal deficit and neuronal death | ||
NGF | HD mice | Cholinergic system, neurogenesis | Upregulated ChAT and VAChT levels, elevated neurogenesis | ||
BDNF | SCA1 mice | Synaptic pathway | Reduced motor loss and synaptic deficit of Purkinje neurons | ||
Intranasal | Â | BDNF, NT-4, CNTF and EPO | Healthy rats | survival pathway | Upregulated the NTF concentrations and initiated cell survival pathway |
NGF | stroke rats | survival pathway, maturation | Improved neural cell survival and maturation | ||
bFGF spray | AD rats | Cholinergic system | Enhanced ChAT and acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased hippocampal neuronal degeneration | ||
NGF | TBI rats | Amyloid pathway | Reduced Aβ1-42 deposits and recovered the motor and behavioral function | ||
GDNF | PD rats | Â | Increased TH positive neurons and DA cells and several constant dose of NTF were more efficient |