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Fig. 3 | Cell & Bioscience

Fig. 3

From: Current knowledge and challenges associated with targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors into the central nervous system: focus on available approaches

Fig. 3

NGF and BDNF signaling pathways inside neuronal cells. After NGF binding to the TrkA receptor, several signaling pathways and down-stream effectors are activated. In this cascade, the activation of the PI3K/AKT complex regulates cholinergic differentiation. Further, the promotion of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibits the autophagic response. In parallel, the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 complex leads to neurite expansion. Along with these changes, the formation of the NGF/ERK/CREB complex improves learning and memory function. In contrast to NGF, BDNF binds to type B Trk. This attachment recruits the PLC/PKC increases synaptic activity and plasticity. In this molecular pathway, BDNF could inhibit the BIM and reduce apoptotic response in the neurons. Further, the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis regulates protein synthesis and PSD-95 trafficking into the synapses. The BDNF/TrkB improves neuronal survival through Erk5/Mef pathway. The neurite outgrowth is controlled via BDNF/TrkB/JAK/STAT pathway

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