Fig. 2

MPPa-PDT induces OS cell apoptosis and YAP activation. a, b OS cell apoptosis was assessed via CCK-8 assay at 12 h post-MPPa-PDT, revealing MPPa IC50 values of 0.15 µM and 0.45 µM in HOS and MG63 cells, respectively. c, d Hoechst staining demonstrating the apoptotic death of OS cells at 12 h post-MPPa-PDT. e, f Western blotting demonstrating apoptosis-related protein expression at 12 h post-MPPa-PDT, with GAPDH as a loading control. g HOS and MG63 cell apoptosis rates as assessed via flow cytometry at 12 h post- MPPa-PDT treatment. h, i Western blotting analyses of protein levels at 12 h post-MPPa-PDT treatment, with GAPDH as a loading control. j Immunofluorescence assays demonstrating YAP nuclear translocation within 12 h post-MPPa-PDT. Experiments were repeated in triplicate. * P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001