Table 2 Autophagy related proteins in human and their functions in vascular calcification
From: Multiple functions of autophagy in vascular calcification
# | Autophagy proteins involved | Functions in VC process | PubMed ID | Chromosome location/band | Transcript (bp) | CDS (bp) | Peptides (AA) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | LC3-I transcript variant 1 | Cysteine protease cleaved LC3 I from LC3 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs | NM_032514 | Chromosome 20: 34,546,854–34,560,345 forward strand; 20q11.22 | 964 | 366 | 121 | Peng et al. [28]; |
LC3-I transcript variant 2 | NM_181509 | 971 | 378 | 125 | Zhang et al. [34]; Song et al. [47]; Xu et al. [90] | |||
2 | Atg5(Autophagy related 5) | Knocking down Atg5 expression significantly upregulates β-GP-induced Runx2 expression and ALP activity along inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs | JQ924061.1 | Chromosome 6: 106,045,423–106,325,791 reverse strand; 6q21 | 828 | 828 | 275 | Dai et al. [25]; Zhang et al. [34] |
3 | LC3-II | Along with enhancing autophagic flux, LC3-II augmenter the number of autophagosome by reducing the RUNX2 expression | NM_022818 | Chromosome 16: 87,383,953–87,404,779 forward strand; 16q24.2 | 2147 | 378 | 125 | Peng et al. [28]; Yang et al. [30]; Song et al. [47]; Xu et al. [90] |
4 | p62 (SQSTM1) | By reducing the RUNX2 expression, p62 augmenter the number of autophagosome | M88108 | Chromosome 5: 179,806,398–179,838,078 forward strand; 5q35.3 | 2685 | 1332 | 443 | Yang et al. [30] |
5 | Beclin1 transcript variant 1 | As an up-regulator of autophagic pathway, beclin1 decreases expression of Runx2 and Msx2 | NM_003766 | Chromosome 17: 42,810,134–42,833,350 reverse strand; 17q21.31 | 2131 | 1353 | 450 | Xu et al. [31]; Wang et al. [43] |
NM_001313998 | 2109 | 1353 | 450 | |||||
NM_001313999 | 1840 | 1068 | 355 | |||||
6 | Atg7 transcript variant 4 | As an upstream autophagy-related gene of LC3, Atg7 promotes the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and prevention of calcification | NM_001349232 | Chromosome 3: 11,272,309–11,557,665 forward strand; 3p25.3 | 5333 | 2112 | 703 | He et al. [58] |
Atg7 transcript variant 5 | NM_001349233 | 5087 | 2112 | 703 | ||||
Atg7 transcript variant 7 | NM_001349235 | 5224 | 2112 | 703 | ||||
7 | VPS34 transcript variant 1 | Forming VPS34–beclin-1 complex for autophagy initiation and promoting vascular calcification | NM_002647 | Chromosome 18: 41,955,234–42,087,830 forward strand; 18q12.3 | 9415 | 2664 | 887 | Cinque et al. [85] |
VPS34 transcript variant 2 | NM_001308020 | 9226 | 2475 | 824 |