Fig. 3

SPD ameliorates aging of FGSCs induced by H₂O₂. A Western blot analysis was performed to detect levels of the aging markers p16 and p53 in FGSCs treated with various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) of H₂O₂ for 2 h. B Senescence-related β-galactosidase staining (blue) to detect aging of FGSCs with or without H₂O₂. Blue-stained cells were considered as aging of FGSCs. C Western blot analysis shows p16 and p53 protein levels in FGSCs with or without H₂O₂ (400 μM, 2 h), and with or without SPD (100 μM) treatment. Two groups were treated by SPD, including the prophylactic group with pre-exposure to SPD for 24 h before induction of H₂O₂ and the treatment group with exposure to SPD for 24 h after induction of H₂O₂. All data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of values from experiments performed at least in triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with controls. n.s. no significance, Con control