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Fig. 10 | Cell & Bioscience

Fig. 10

From: Subcellular localization of the mouse PRAMEL1 and PRAMEX1 reveals multifaceted roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm of germ cells during spermatogenesis

Fig. 10

Schematic representation of PRAMEL1 localization in germ cells and a hypothetical model for PRAMEL1 in protein trafficking during spermiogenesis. A Schematic representation of PRAMEL1 localization in a round spermatid as revealed by IEM. PRAMEL1 proteins are enriched in the nucleus (N), intermitochondrial cement (IMC), chromatoid body (CB) and the acroplaxome (AP) region in round spermatids. B A hypothetical model for PRAMEL1 action in the “Nucleus-CB-organelle” transport system, modified from references [41, 65]. In early round spermatids, the newly formed CB becomes the center for RNA metabolism and small RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression [6, 7]. CB makes frequent contacts with the nuclear envelope (NE), Golgi apparatus (G), mitochondria (Mit), centrioles (Cen), and other cellular organelles, to ensure material continuities. The protein complex that contains MIWI, MAEL, DDX4, and the TDRD family are primarily located in CB. The RNA binding proteins (RBPs) bind to the RNA which forms a complex with the kinesin motor protein KIF17b. KIF17b shuttles between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments and interacts with PIWIL1-TDRD1-MAEL protein complex in CB. PRAMEL1 is likely to play a role in the KIF17b-mediate transport. Red dots represent the PRAMEL1-labeled immunogold particles. Solid arrows indicate known interactions between organelles, while dashed arrows show potential interactions. AC: acrosome; AG: acrosome granule; AV: acrosome vesicle; Cen: centrioles; Mit: mitochondria; NP: nuclear pore: rER: rough ER; SV: small vesicles; TGN: trans-Golgi network

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