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Table 3 Cell-based therapy for improving renal microcirculation

From: The renal microcirculation in chronic kidney disease: novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic perspectives

Setting

Intervention

Mechanism

Effects

references

Renal interstitial fibrosis (UUO model)

Bone marrowderived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs)

Increased the number of capillary density

Alleviated interstitial fibrosis

[97]

Renal interstitial fibrosis (UUO model)

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stemcells (AMSCs)

Improved renal microcirculation through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and inhibited the EndMT process

Inhibited the kidney fibrogenesis

[101]

AKI (ischeamia/reperfusion I/R model)

Human adipose stromal cells (hASCs)

Decreased inflammation and preserved peritubular capillaries

Improved recovery from I/R- induced injury and chronic kidney injury

[102]

AKI (ischeamia/reperfusion I/R model)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs)

Protected microvasculature and strongly suppressed fibrosis via the effects of vasoprotective cytokines

Suppressed progressive fibrosis in kidney diseases

[104]

Chronic renal failure (adenine induced CRF model)

BMSCs

Increased the glomerular capillaries density and promoted the secretion of VEGF via activating PI3k-Akt signaling pathway

Improved renal function

[105]

Renal interstitial fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction UUO model)

Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs)

increased in microvascular density and relieve hypoxia

Alleviated interstitial fibrosis alleviated interstitial fibrosis

[106]