Fig. 2

a The fluorescent microangiography (FMA) method is based on low-melting-point agarose with fluorescent polystyrene microspheres which could perfuse the microvasculature and identified a decrease in both glomerular and PTC density in the kidneys of UUO model. Immunostaining surrounding with CD31 (expressed on the surface of endothelial cells) demonstrates capillary rarefaction in response to the obstructed kidney. b Renal R2* images in the CKD patient: Uneven blue in the cortex indicates decreased cortical oxygenation. The large green, yellow and red areas in the medulla indicate decreased medullary oxygenation