Fig. 2

Enhanced stemness of PCa cells upon direct co-culture with MSCs was independent of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway. a–c Two different PCa cell lines (PC3, left; LNCaP, right) were employed to establish the mono-culture, transwell-culture, and mixed co-culture with the MSCs system. After treatment with the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc (1 uM) for 72 h, the PCa cells were collected in each group and then flow cytometry (a), colony formation assay (b), and sphere formation assay (c) were performed. d PC-3 cells were employed to establish the mono-culture, transwell-culture, and mixed co-culture with the MSCs system. After treatment with TAK-779 (1 uM) for 72 h, the PC-3 cells were collected in each group and then colony formation (left), and sphere formation assays (right) were carried out. Data are presented as the mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001