Fig. 7

ER stress promoted the activation of TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. a, b Effects of TM (0.5 μg/μl) on TXNIP, NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA (a) and protein (b) expression levels in normal retinas. c, d Alterations of TXNIP, NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA (c) and protein (d) levels in normal and OIR retinas pretreated with 4-PBA (10 nmol/μl) or vehicle. e, f Effects of TM (4 μg/ml) on TXNIP, NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA (e) and protein (f) expression levels in normal macrophages. g, h Changes of TXNIP, NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA (g) and protein (h) expression levels in macrophages cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions pretreated with 4-PBA (10 nmol/ml) or vehicle. β-actin served as an endogenous reference for normalization. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 6–8 per group for Real-time RT-PCR, n = 3 per group for western blotting. Each experiment repeated three times. ns, no significance. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with control groups or each other