Fig. 1
From: Tissue-specific role and associated downstream signaling pathways of adiponectin
Role of adiponectin in skeletal muscle. Adiponectin-induced activation of AdipoR1/AdipoR2 and subsequent interaction with adapter proteins, APPL1/APPL2, enhance fatty acid oxidation through MAPK-PPARα-mediated expression and activation of ACOX1 and AMPK-NAD+/NADH-mediated response of ACC. Activated AdipoR1/AdipoR2 also increase mitochondrial biogenesis through APPL1-SERCA-Ca2+-CaMKKβ or LKB1-AMPK-NAD+/NADH-SIRT1-mediated activation of PGC1α. Additionally, activation of adiponectin receptors enhances glucose uptake via APPL1-Rab5 or APPL1-AMP-AMPK-mediated translocation of GLUT4 as well as attenuation of Rheb-mTOR-S6K1-induced inhibition of insulin signaling