Fig. 4
From: Aldose reductase deficiency inhibits LPS-induced M1 response in macrophages by activating autophagy
AR deficiency mediates the autophagic degradation of IKKβ and IKKγ in LPS-stimulated macrophages. a, c WT or AR KO BMMs were incubated for 16 h in the presence of LPS (500 ng/ml), LPS + 3-MA (3 mM), or LPS + NH4Cl (10 mM), followed by immunostaining for LC3. Lower graphs represent the quantification of the number of autophagosomes per cell. Scale bars = 20 µm. b, d Immunoblot analysis for LC3, IKKβ, IKKγ, and iNOS in lysates of WT or AR KO BMMs treated with 500 ng/ml LPS for 16 h in the presence or absence of 3-MA (3 mM) or NH4Cl (10 mM). Densitometric LC3II/LC3I/β-actin ratios are shown below the blot. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01