How to reprogram human fibroblasts to neurons

Xu, Ziran; Su, Shengnan; Zhou, Siyan; Yang, Wentao; Deng, Xin; Sun, Yingying; Li, Lisha; Li, Yulin

doi:10.1186/s13578-020-00476-2

Cell & Bioscience

Table 3 All studies used transcription factors to reprogram human fibroblasts into NSCs and NPCs

From: How to reprogram human fibroblasts to neurons

Target cell type	Reprogramming factors	Reprogramming mechanism	Effects on neural cells induction	References
NSCs	SOX2	Unknown	Inhibit differentiation of NSCs and maintain its proliferation	Ring et al. 2012 [34]
NPCs	ZIC3, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4	Unknown	Play important roles in the maintenance of ESCs and neuroprogenitor cells pluripotency	Kumar et al. 2012 [106]
NSCs	OCT4	SOX2 activation	Induce the transformation from fibroblasts to proliferating NSCs	Mitchell et al. 2014 [63]
		BRN2 activation
		MYT1L activation
		NEUROD1 activation
NPCs	SOX2	Unknown	Play an essential role in the maintenance of both ES cells and NSCs and prevents cell differentiation	Zou et al. 2014 [83]
	C-MYC	A pivotal target of Wnt-β-catenin signaling	Improve proliferation and promote reprogramming, regulate the neuronal differentiation of NPCs and the expansion of basal progenitors
	BRN2	Other proneural genes (e.g. Tbr2) activation, diminish the Notch-directed transcription of HES5	Promote neurogenesis
	BRN4	Unknown	Elevate neuronal differentiation and maturation from NSCs
NSCs	let-7 microRNA	HMGA2 activation	Increase SOX2 reprogramming efficiency	Yu et al. 2015 [57]
NSCs	SOX2	HMGA2 activation	Unknown	Yu et al. 2015 [57]
NSCs	Zfp521	Unknown	Maintain the NSC identity of the medulla oblongata	Shahbazi et al. 2016 [65]
NSCs	OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28	Unknown	Unknown	Capetian et al. 2016 [107]
NSCs	A small hairpin directed against p53	Unknown	Enhance the reprogramming process	Capetian et al. 2016 [107]
NSCs	SOX2	Unknown	Unknown	Sung et al. 2017 [64]
NSCs	HMGA2	Unknown	Increase reprogramming efficiency	Sung et al. 2017 [64]
NSCs	PTF1A	Bind with RBPJ to form trimer DNA complex	Activate the reprogramming process, make NSCs maintain self-renewal ability and NSC identity and prevent excessive neuronal differentiation of NSCs	Xiao et al. 2018 [16] Kangxin et al. 2020 [67]
NPCs	CBX2, HES1, ID1, TFAP2A, ZFP42, ZNF423	Unknown	Increase proliferation of NSCs decrease apoptosis, keep rostral identity	Hou et al. 2017 [108]
NPCs	FOXG1, GATA3, NR2A2, PAX6, SALL2, TFAP2A, ZFP42		Conducive to neuron lineage differentiation and keep caudal identity	Hou et al. 2017 [108]

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ISSN: 2045-3701

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