Autophagy and its role in regeneration and remodeling within invertebrate

Song, Qian; Liu, Hongjin; Zhen, Hui; Zhao, Bosheng

doi:10.1186/s13578-020-00467-3

Cell & Bioscience

Table 1 ATG proteins in Dugesia japonica and Hydra vulgaris

From: Autophagy and its role in regeneration and remodeling within invertebrate

Protein complexes	Proteins	Gene accession	Locus name	AA	PI	Mw (kD)	GRAVY	Identity (%)					Functions and characteristics	References
Protein complexes	Proteins	Gene accession	Locus name	AA	PI	Mw (kD)	GRAVY	Hs	Mm	Dm	Ce	Sc	Functions and characteristics	References
ATG1 complex													Initiation of autophagy
	ATG1	AWD06772.1	DjATG1	814	7.23	92.0	−0.451	26	26.4	26.4	27.4	18.2	Serine/threonine kinase	[24, 51,52,53]
	ATG13	AWD06777.1	DjATG13	401	5.38	45.1	−0.504	21.6	21.3	18.1	18.1	11.9	Phosphoprotein	[25, 26, 29, 54, 55]
	ATG13	CDG71824.1	HvATG13	432	5.23	49.1	−0.270	23.5	23	24.5	16.7	13.6		[25, 26, 29, 54, 55]
	ATG101	CDG67707.1	HvATG101	230	6.44	27.1	−0.505	48.2	48.2	43.6	–	–	Link the ATG1/13 complex to autophagic membranes	[31, 32]
PI3K complex													Autophagosome formation
	ATG6	CDG70076.1	HvBECN1	451	5.07	52.2	−0.672	60	60.4	53.7	28	26.8	Allosteric modulator of PI3KC	[56,57,58]
	ATG6	AVX32557.1	DjATG6	423	4.94	49.0	−0.480	33.7	33.5	33.8	25.4	16.9	Allosteric modulator of PI3KC
	ATG14	CDG69295.1	HvATG14	467	7.05	53.6	−0.487	25.7	26.2	22.6	10	12.6	Regulates autophagosome targeting	[36, 37, 59,60,61,62]
Ubiquitin-like conjugation (ATG12)													Conjugation of ATG12 and ATG5
	ATG5	CDG67424.1	HvATG5	285	7.78	33.8	−0.428	56.3	55.9	45.1	33.6	21.4	Target for ATG12 conjugation	[63,64,65,66]
	ATG5	AWD06774.1	DjATG5	284	5.81	33.2	−0.263	41	40.7	41.5	32.4	21.3	Target for ATG12 conjugation	[63,64,65,66]
	ATG7	CDG71639.1	HvATG7	693	5.39	78.2	−0.126	52.5	53.7	42.8	–	41.5	E1 conjugation enzymes for ATG12 conjugation	[43, 67,68,69]
	ATG7	APY27057.2	DjATG7	693	6.39	79.1	−0.267	39.7	40.4	39.1	–	36.8	E1 conjugation enzymes for ATG12 conjugation	[43, 67,68,69]
	ATG10	CDG67441.1	HvATG10	192	5.65	22.5	−0.193	35.4	34.4	30.1	26.5	18.8	E2 conjugation enzymes for ATG12 conjugation	[70, 71]
	ATG10	AWD06776.1	DjATG10	165	6.42	19.5	−0.284	23.8	23.8	23.4	19.6	16	E2 conjugation enzymes for ATG12 conjugation	[70, 71]
	ATG12	CDG71705.1	HvATG12	129	5.44	14.7	−0.508	48.8	47.3	50	31	18.3	Ubiquitin−like modifier, ATG5 and ATG10 interaction	[44, 63,64,65,66, 70]
	ATG12	AVL25105.1	DjATG12	106	5.59	11.9	−0.187	45.7	46.7	39.4	37.7	28.4	Ubiquitin−like modifier, ATG5 and ATG10 interaction	[44, 63,64,65,66, 70]
	ATG16	CDG69520.1	HvATG16L1	491	6.95	55.5	−0.458	32.6–43.6	32–43.6	42	29.7–30.8	10.6	Required for the localization of ATG5–ATG12 to membranes	[47, 72, 73]
	ATG16	AWD06778.1	DjATG16	529	8.1	60.2	−0.500	28.1–34.2	27.5–34.2	33	24.9–27	9.7	Required for the localization of ATG5–ATG12 to membranes	[47, 72, 73]
Ubiquitin-like conjugation (ATG8)													Conjugation of ATG8 to PE
	ATG3	CDG67081.1	HvATG3	308	4.79	35.2	−0.614	60.5	67	61	52.2	36.7	E2 conjugation enzymes for ATG8 conjugation	[64, 74,75,76,77,78,79,80]
	ATG3	ASL04728.1	DjATG3	322	4.75	36.8	−0.457	51.1	56.9	55.8	48	33	E2 conjugation enzymes for ATG8 conjugation
	ATG4	CDG66347.1	HvATG4B	560	6.44	64.2	−0.209	26.5–47.6	25.8–46.8	28.2–39	25.8–36.4	21	Cysteine protease	[81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88]
		CDG68148.1	HvATG4C	442	7.13	51.0	−0.418	29.4–39.7	27.9–39.7	29.8–37.7	26.9–27.8	23.8
		AQK38494.1	DjATG4	412	5.84	47.1	−0.251	29.3–42.7	29.7–43.3	30.2–38	26.8–34	25.9
	ATG7	CDG71639.1	HvATG7	693	5.39	78.2	−0.126	52.5	53.7	42.8	–	41.5	E1 conjugation enzymes for ATG8 conjugation	[64, 69, 70, 89,90,91]
	ATG7	APY27057.2	DjATG7	693	6.39	79.1	−0.267	39.7	40.4	39.1	–	36.8	E1 conjugation enzymes for ATG8 conjugation	[64, 69, 70, 89,90,91]
	ATG8	CDG71662.1	HvGABARAP	118	7.92	14.1	−0.607	30.2–94.9	30.2–94.9	75.4–89	33.6–82.2	54.7	Ubiquitin-like modifier, recruitment and scaffolding of proteins, cargo recognition	[38, 39, 41, 92,93,94,95,96,97]
		CDG70632.1	HvGABARAPL2	118	8.66	13.7	−0.340	39.3–71.8	37.6–71.8	55.9–63.6	37.9–62.7	62.4
		XP_012555909.1	HvLC3A	129	9.18	15.2	−0.410	40.3–52.9	41.9–52.9	39.7–39.8	39.7–42.7	37.6
		CDG67574.1	HvLC3C	125	9.45	14.5	−0.510	37.6–70.4	37.6–62.8	38.5–40.2	41.9	39.3
		APU52177.1	DjATG8-1	117	7.89	14	−0.644	32.5–86.3	32.5–86.3	76.9–85.5	33.6–82.1	53.8
		APU52176.1	DjATG8-2	119	9.16	13.9	−0.360	35.3–66.7	36–66.7	50.0–50.4	38.8–51.3	47.9
		APU52178.1	DjATG8-3	118	6.74	13.8	−0.511	34.8–59.8	33.9–59.8	55.1–61.0	31.9–56.8	77.8
ATG9 complex													Membrane recruitment to autophagosomes
	ATG2	CDG68195.1	HvATG2	1296	5.13	145.5	−0.294	34.7–36.7	34.9–35.2	27.4	20.5	14.6	Transfer lipids and bridges the forming autophagosome to ER	[98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106]
	ATG2	AWD06773.1	DjATG2	1790	5.41	205.9	−0.367	16.8–18	16.7–18	17.4	15.5	12	Transfer lipids and bridges the forming autophagosome to ER	[98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106]
	ATG9	CDG69175.1	HvATG9	790	8.67	91.9	−0.082	32.1–41.5	33–41.4	33.1	27.3	21.8	Integral membrane protein	[102, 107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114]
	ATG9	AWD06775.1	DjATG9	741	8.42	85.5	0.044	23.6–26.2	23.4–26.1	26.2	23.1	19.3	Integral membrane protein
	ATG18	AWL25033.1	DjATG18	446	6.79	50.1	−0.162	24.9–33.7	24.3–34.5	30.9–31.6	33.5	29.8	Function for ATG2 localization	[99, 101, 115]

AA, amino acids; Hs, Homo sapiens; Mm, Mus musculus; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster; Ce, Caenorhabditis elegans; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Back to article page

ISSN: 2045-3701

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com