Author/year | Conditions | Number of patients | MSC sources | Harvesting tissue | Method of injection/number of cells | Follow-up | Clinical evaluation | Clinical outcomes | Adverse events |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kuismanen et al. 2014 [96] | SUI | 5 | Autologous ADSCs | Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue | Transurethral/2.5 × 106to 8.5 × 106 | 12 months | Cough test; 24-h pad test; questionnaires | The cough test was negative for three patients; questionnaire scores improved | Small hematomas |
Carr et al. 2013 [94] | SUI (not improved with conservative therapy) | 38 | AMDCs | Quadriceps femoris | Intrasphincter/low doses (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 × 106) or high doses (32, 64, 128 × 106) | 18 months | 3-day voiding diaries; 24-hour pad test; questionnaires | The mean pad weight and mean leakage frequency reduced; better outcomes in high dose vs the low dose group; questionnaire scores improved | Urinary tract infection |
Peters et al. 2014 [95] | SUI (refractory to prior treatment) | 80 | AMDCs | Quadriceps femoris | Intrasphincter/10, 50, 100, 200 × 106 | 12 months | 3-day voiding diaries; 24-hour pad tests; questionnaires | The diary leakage frequency reduced within 1 to 3 months; only patients who received 200 × 106 cells had a reduction in mean pad weight; questionnaire scores improved | Biopsy related adverse |
Sèbe et al. 2010 [91] | SUI with fixed urethra (after previous failed surgical management) | 12 | AMDCs | Deltoid muscle | Endourethral/1 × 107, 2.5 × 107, and 5 × 107 | 12 months | 7-days bladder diary; 1-h pad test; questionnaires | Pad tests were negative for three patients; two patients were slightly worsened; questionnaire scores improved | Three cases of urinary tract infection |
Stangel-Wojcikiewicz et al. 2014 [92] | SUI of degrees I or II | 16 | AMDCs | Deltoid muscle | Transurethral/0.6 × 106to 5 × 106 | 2 years | Cough LLP; Valsalva LLP; urodynamic studies; questionnaires | Continent (50%), some improvement (25%), no improvement (25%) | No severe adverse effects |
Stangel-Wojcikiewicz et al. 2016 [93] | SUI of degrees I or II | 16 | AMDCs | Deltoid muscle | Transurethral/0.6 × 106 to 25 × 106 | 4 years | I-QOL questionnaire | The total I-QOL score increased from 49 before therapy to 77 2 years post-operation | No severe adverse effects |
Arjmand et al. 2017 [97] | SUI (6 combined with POP) | 10 | Autologous ADSCs | Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue | Periurethral/1.18 × 107 | 24 weeks | 24 h voiding diary; 24-h pad test; urodynamics and uroflow studies; ICIQ questionnaire | Pad test weight and ICIQ scores were improved; maximum flow rate improved. | one case of slight voiding difficulty |
Frudinger et al. 2018 [98] | FI | 39 (34 females and 5 males) | AMDCs | Musculus pectoralis major | Injected into the external anal sphincter/15 × 107 | 12 months | Weekly incontinence episodes (WIE); Incontinence diary; Wexner scores; anorectal manometry tests | In 79.5% of patients, the WIE frequency had decreased by at least 50%. | No severe adverse effects |
Sarveazad et al. 2017 [99] | FI (after sphincteroplasty) | 20 | Autologous ADSCs | Superficial abdominal fat tissue | Injected into the external anal sphincter/6 × 107 | 8 weeks | Wexner scores; endorectal sonography; electromyography (EMG) | Ratio of the area occupied by the muscle to total area of the lesion increased; no difference in Wexner scores between the groups | one case of erythema at the site of surgery |
Jankowski et al. 2018 [100] | SUI | 143 | AMDCs | Vastus lateralis | Intrasphincter/15 × 107 | 2 years | Incontinence episode frequency (IEF); 24-h or in-office pad weight tests; questionnaires | Responder rates for the endpoint were similar between groups; with the stringent endpoint, a relationship was between IQOL scores and the responder rates | No severe adverse effects |