Fig. 5From: Conditional ablation of MAPK7 expression in chondrocytes impairs endochondral bone formation in limbs and adaptation of chondrocytes to hypoxiaActivation of MAPK7 in chondrocytes is essential for hypoxic adaptation and enhancement of HIF1α signaling under hypoxia. a, b Immunofluorescence staining of (a) MAPK7 (b) P-MAPK7 on representative sections of distal femoral growth plates at P1. Scale bar, 200 μm. RZ, resting zone; PZ, proliferative zone; HZ, hypertrophic zone. c Western blot analysis of MAPK7 and p- MAPK7 in primary chondrocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions for 0, 1, 4, 12, or 24 h. d Immunofluorescence staining of SOX9 on representative sections of distal femoral growth plates at P1. Scale bar, 200 μm. e Western blot analysis of SOX9, COL2A1, MAPK7, HIF1α, and VEGFA in CON and Mapk7 CKO chondrocytes cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions for 48 h. f Western blot analysis of SOX9, COL2A1, MAPK7, p-MAPK7, HIF1α, and VEGFA protein levels in XMD8-92- or DMSO-treated primary chondrocytes cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Primary chondrocytes harvested from wild-type mouse knees were cultured in the presence of 5 μM XMD8-92 or an equal amount of DMSO under normoxia for 3 h, followed by normoxia or hypoxia for 48 h. XMD, XMD8-92. g, h mRNA levels of (g) Sox9 and (h) Col2a1 in CON and Mapk7 CKO chondrocytes cultured under normoxia or hypoxia were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (n = 3). *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). Data are presented as mean ± SD. i Immunofluorescence staining of HIF1α on representative proximal tibial growth plate sections from P1 mice. Scale bar, 200 μm. j mRNA levels of Hif1a and its known target genes were measured in growth plate cartilage from P1 Mapk7 CKO mice by real-time quantitative PCR. k HIF1α activity in CON and Mapk7 CKO chondrocytes cultured under normoxia or hypoxia, as evaluated by HIF1α-responsive element luciferase reporter (HRE-luc) assay (n = 5). *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). Data are presented as mean ± SD. l mRNA level of hif1a in CON and Mapk7 CKO chondrocytes cultured under normoxia or hypoxia were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (n = 3). *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). Data are presented as mean ± SD. m Free ATP levels in CON and Mapk7 CKO chondrocytes cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (n = 4). *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). Data are presented as mean ± SD. n Primary chondrocytes were transfected with WT-MAPK7 or DN-MAPK7 expression vector in the presence of CA-MEK5 expression vector. Cells were harvested 48 h after transfection and protein levels of HIF1α, MAPK7 and p-MAPK7 were assayed by western blotBack to article page