Fig. 4From: Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 promotes the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by regulating energy-related AMPK/mTOR signalingPDP1 induced PDAC cell proliferation and migration by inducing intracellular ATP. a PDP1 overexpression induced intracellular ATP content, while its knockdown reduced ATP levels. Supplementation of an alternative substrate of ATP production, acetate, restored cell proliferation (b), colony formation (c) and migration of PDP1 knockdown PDAC cells (d). ***p < 0.001Back to article page