Fig. 3From: Exosomal cargos modulate autophagy in recipient cells via different signaling pathwaysInteraction between exosome biogenesis and autophagy. Beside link at molecular level, exosome biogenesis and autophagy pathways meet each other by the hybrid-vesicles known amphisomes. In this link, the common molecules including Rab11, Rab8a, and Rab27 mediate the trafficking of vesicles between exosome and autophagy pathways. Different autophagic-related proteins (ATG5, ATG16L1, and LC3β) located on the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) membrane, facilitate exosome biogenesis, distributing via exosome into extracellular matrix. Amphisomes are crossbreed vesicles of MVBs and autophagosome that may fuse with lysosomes or with the plasma membrane. It was proposed that biomolecules such as annexin A2 (ANXA2) are sorted into exosomes at amphisomes lumen. Amphisomes, similar to MVBs, can fuse with lysosomes or with the plasma membrane, however, molecular mechanisms involved in amphiboles fate is still remains unknown. EE: early endosome; L: lysosomeBack to article page