Fig. 4

Macrophages restrict adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs through TNF-α and IL-1β production. a Antibody mixture (Abs) containing anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1β (2 μg/mL each) partially relieves the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs by M1-sup. Cells were stained with Oil Red O after being cultured for 9 days. b Q-PCR was used to assess the expression of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-γ, C/EBP-α, FABP4, Glut4, LPL in hADSCs. c Western blot analysis of PPAR-γ in adipogenic hADSCs treated with TNF-α and IL-1β neutralizing antibodies in combination. Scale bars, 100 μm