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Fig. 2 | Cell & Bioscience

Fig. 2

From: Whole genome-wide chromosome fusion and new gene birth in the Monopterus albus genome

Fig. 2

Whole-genome-wide chromosome fission/fusions in the Monopterus albus lineage. a The diagram depicts the formation of the 12 chromosomes of Monopterus albus from 12 vertebrate ancestor chromosomes (A to L). After the 3R WGD, 24 ancestral chromosomes (A1, A2, B1, B2,… L1, L2) underwent block recombination (A1 to C1, B1 to A2, L1 to A1, E2 to C1, H2 to C2, C2 to F2, H1 to E1, and I2 to F2), chromosome loss (e.g., L2), fission (e.g., A1, A2, C2 and G2) and fusion events. Finally, 12 chromosomes formed in Monopterus albus. Ks values are calculated based on CDS alignments between Monopterus albus and its close relatives at each evolutionary time. These values are used to gauge the evolutionary ages (MYA) of the chromosome fusion events and block recombination. b Four evolutionary stages in the Monopterus albus genome. For chromosomes 3 and 10, two rounds of fusion events occurred approximately 86-160 MYA and 70–75 MYA, respectively. One fusion event took place approximately 75–86 MYA on chromosome 9, and another occurred 70–75 MYA and involved all other chromosomes. Block recombination also occurred on chromosomes 2 and 4, approximately 70–75 MYA. These events generated four evolutionary stages in the Monopterus albus genome

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