From: A three layered histone epigenetics in breast cancer metastasis
S. no | Histone chaperone | Role in breast cancer metastasis | References |
---|---|---|---|
1. | APLF | APLF over-expression is associated with breast cancer metastasis Regulate MacroH2A.1 recruitment in EMT specific promoter, EZH2/H3K27me3 level at FOXA1 promoter and recruitment of FOXA1 at CDH1 promoter | [40] |
2. | HJURP | Higher expression in breast cancer metastasis condition Target of ATM signaling pathway, where it interacts with hMSH5 and NBS1 | |
3. | DAXX | Down-regulated in breast cancer metastasis Forms complex with ATRX in order to maintain H3K9me3 methylation Negative regulator of c-met DAXX knockout cells have lower H4 acetylation and higher HDAC2 activity Binds at the promoter region of RAD51 | |
4. | DEK | Act as proto-oncogene Higher expression in breast cancer metastasis condition DEK knock down cells has lesser H3K9me3 mark, lower CDH1 expression. Induces metastasis via β-Catenin pathway Downstream target of RON Also found to mediate EMT via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Causes angiogenesis via VEGF pathway | |
5. | ANP32E | Positive correlation with breast cancer metastasis Helps in the removal of H2AZ variants so that FACT can deposit ɣH2AX in response to DDR Influences E2F1 transcription factor Regulation by mi-RNA-141 Part of “Landmaine’s six gene signature” for predicting lung metastasis of breast cancer | |
6. | ASF1 | ASF1B over-expressed in breast cancer metastasis | [75] |
7. | FACT | Upregulated in breast cancer metastasis patient samples | [79] |
8. | NPM1 | Higher NPM1 expression among TNBC patients NPM1 expression more in basal breast cancer than luminal breast cancer samples NPM-1 regulates YY1 expression which causes suppression of c-FOS expression, hence promoting cell growth |