Fig. 4

BTX-A promoted microglial M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated HAPI microglial cells. a Cell viability of HAPI cells treated without or with BTX-A (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 nM). b Cell viability of HAPI cells treated without or with BTX-A (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 nM) and LPS (100 ng/mL). Relative mRNA levels of iNOS and Arg-1 determined by qRT-PCR (c) and levels of M2-related IL-10 (d), M1-related TNF-α (e) and IL-6 (f) in HAPI cells treated without or with BTX-A (0.1 nM) and LPS (100 ng/mL). *P < 0.05, *P < 0.01, vs. Ctrl; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, vs. LPS