Fig. 1

IP-10/IL-17 secreted in the KD plasma initiates the calcification of HCASMCs. a HCASMCs were either used as controls or were treated with either FC or KD plasma for 7, 14, or 21 days; b the HCASMCs were either maintained as controls or were treated with IP-10, IL-17, or both, for 7, 14, or 21 days; c the HCASMCs were either maintained as controls or were treated with FC or KD plasma, or KD plasma co-mixed with IP-10 and IL-17 blocking antibodies, for 21 days; a–c the calcification of the HCASMCs was analyzed using ARS stain. All data were mean ± SEM from three independent experiments; * P < 0.05 vs. control cells