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Table 2 Experimental studies that investigated the role of PIWI proteins in lung cancer

From: Epigenetic roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in lung cancer

PIWI

Up/Down

Tissue/cell line

Technique

Final result

Ref

PIWIL1

Up

H23 and A549 cell lines

Real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry/ELISA assay

Decrease in survival time of patients and shorten time to relapse

[27]

PIWIL4

Down

H23 and A549 cell lines

Real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry/ELISA assay

Increase of transposon activities and genomic instability/decrease in survival time of patients and shorten time to relapse

[27]

PIWIL2

Up

A549 and H460 cell lines/nude mice

Real-time PCR/western blot/immunofluorescence staining/immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry

Proliferation induction/tumor growth promoting/apoptosis inhibition

[36]

HIWI

Up

SSClo Aldebr cells/SPC-A1 cell line/mice

Hiwi shRNA plasmids treatment/immunohistochemistry/enzyme immunoassay/flow cytometry

Increasing proliferation/apoptosis reduction

[28, 37]

HIWI

Up

A549 cell lines

Real-time PCR/western blot/gain of function and loss of function strategies/colony formation assay/cell counting assay

Cell proliferation increasing

[38]

PIWIL1

Up

A549 and H1299 cell lines

Real-time PCR/gain of function and loss of function strategies/western blot/bioinformatics analysis

Enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion

[39]

PIWIL1

Up

A549/NCIH1299/CRL-

9482

Microarray analysis/real-time PCR/western blot

Increase in cell growth and proliferation

[40]