Fig. 2

The inhibitory effect of miRNAs on their target molecules in the UPS pathway. Ubiquitin is transferred to the E2 enzyme after activation by the E1 enzyme, and is then transferred to the substrate by E3 enzyme. E4 enzyme is required for the formation of the polyubiquitin chain. After the recognition process, substrates are degraded by the 26S proteasome or their polyubiquitin monomers are removed by DUB. Ub ubiquitin, E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3 ubiquitin ligase, DUB deubiquitinating enzyme, UBE2A ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 A, UBE2B ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 B, UBE2C ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C, UBE2I ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 I, UBE3A E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase A, XIAP E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP, CBX4 E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4, ITCH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy, SMURF1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1, UCHL1 ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, BAP1 ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1, USP2 ubiquitin specific peptidase 2, USP13 ubiquitin specific peptidase 13; CSN5 COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5