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Table 2 Functions regulated by the vascular endothelium.

From: Radiation: a poly-traumatic hit leading to multi-organ injury

Function

Category

Major players

Vascular tone

Vasodilators

NO, PGI2

Vasoconstrictors

ET-1, Ang II, TXA2

Coagulation

Anticoagulants

TM, TFPI, PGI2

Pro-coagulants

TF, PAR-1, TXA2

Fibrinolysis

Anti-fibrinolytic

PAI-1

Pro-fibrinolytic

tPA

Leukocyte adhesion (inflammation)

Inflammatory mediators

IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1

Adhesion molecules

P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, VCAM-1

Platelet adhesion (thrombosis)

 

VWF, fibrinogen

Vascular permeability

 

RAGE

Vascular growth

 

VEGF, PDGF, FGF, TGF-b

  1. NO nitric oxide, PGI2 prostacyclin, ET-1 endothelin-1, Ang II angiotensin II, TXA2 thromboxane A2, TM thrombomodulin, TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TF tissue factor, PAR-1 protease-activated receptor-1, PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tPA tissue plasminogen activator; Il interleukin, MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, ICAM-1 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, PECAM-1 platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VWF von Willebrand factor, RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end products, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, PDGF platelet-derived growth factor, FGF fibroblast growth factor, TGF-1 tumor growth factor-1