Fig. 2

Signaling pathways mediating the cellular senescence process. In response to telomere erosion, ROS production, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressors, various signaling pathways including TGFβ, BMP, Wnt, MAPK, FGF, IGF, HIF and Hippo pathways are all actively involved in cell cycle regulation, which eventually influences the cellular senescence process of primary cells