Fig. 2
From: TGF-β in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression: two sides of the same coin
The dual role of TGF-β in pancreatic cancer cell. (Left) TGFβ-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in Smad4-positive pancreatic cancer cell. TGF-β signaling induces EMT by induction SNAIL and repression KLF5. Alternatively, TGF-β signaling induces apoptosis in KLF5 absence cell by SOX4 inducing transcription of pro-apoptotic genes. (Right) TGF-β promotes tumor progression in Smad4-negative pancreatic cancer cell. TGF-β signaling induces SOX4 induction mediated through Smad2/3, and then SOX4 and KLF5 cooperate for tumorigenesis