Fig. 5

FITC fluorescence and viability in mixed-stages Radopholus similis incubated for different times in soaking solutions containing FITC and octopamine. a–d Expression in nematodes soaked in 0.8 mg/mL FITC for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively. a–d Expression in nematodes soaked in 0.8 mL/mg FITC and 50 mM octopamine for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively. e Nematodes soaked in water without FITC and octopamine were used as a control (CK). The scale bar represents 500 μm. f Viability of nematodes after soaking in FITC (0.8 mg/mL) and octopamine (50 mM) solution for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The bars indicate the standard errors of the mean (n = 5), and different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments