Fig. 5

Effect of ferulic acid (FA) and aspirin (ASP) chemopreventive regimen on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded and micro-sectioned pancreatic tissues as described in methods section. a, b Representative images showing effect of modified FA and ASP c-SLN combination on PCNA and MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki-67) expressions in pancreatic tissue. c, d A significant decrease in the PCNA and MKI67 expression was observed in modified FA + ASP treatment groups compared to blank c-SLN vehicle control group. All the pictures were taken at ×200 magnification. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test post hoc analysis. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 represents statistical significance between blank c-SLN vehicle control and FA + ASP c-SLN treatment