Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of extrinsic factors and their downstream signaling pathways involved in β-cell proliferation

From: Microenvironmental stimuli for proliferation of functional islet β-cells

Extrinsic factors

MAPK

Akt

Ca+2signaling

Jak/Stat

Smad

β-catenin

Glucose

 

   

Insulin/IGF-1

 

   

PRL/PL

   

  

HGF

   

TGF

    

 

GLP-1/GIP