Table 1 Functions of the m6A regulator

“Writer”

METTL3

Binds to METTL14 to form a stable heterodimer that acts as a catalytic core

[49]

METTL14

Binds to METTL3 to form a stable heterodimer that serves as a structural support for binding to RNA

[49]

WTAP

Ensure that the METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer is localized in the nuclear speckle

[50, 51]

RBM15

Binds the m6A complex and recruits it to specific RNA sites

[44, 52]

VIRMA, KIAA1429

Regulation of regioselective methylation by recruitment of MTCs

[53]

METTL16

Catalytic m6A modification of U6-snRNA involved in pre-RNA splicing

[40]

ZC3H13

Enhancement of m6A by ligating WTAP to the mRNA binding factor Nito

[54]

“Erasers”

FTO

Remove m6A modifier

ALKBH5

Remove m6A modifier

[55]

“Readers”

YTHDF1

Enhancement of m6A mRNA translation by promoting ribosome assembly and interaction with initiation factors

[56]

YTHDF2

Selective binding and recruitment of m6A-modified mRNAs to mRNA decay sites induces transcript degradation

[57]

YTHDF3

Interaction with YTHDF1 promotes RNA translation and interaction with YTHDF2 promotes RNA degradation

[58, 59]

YTHDC1

Involved in RNA splicing and export

[60, 61]

YTHDC2

Increased translation efficiency but reduced abundance of target mRNAs

[62, 63]

IGF2BPs

Enhanced mRNA stability and translation

[48]

EIF3

Promote mRNA translation

[64]