Fig. 2

Illustration of cellular communication network between TAMs and lymphocytes as well as the characterization of TAM subsets in glioma patients. a, c Chord plots and heatmaps displaying significantly interacting pathways (SPP1 and GALECTIN) and communication probabilities between TAMs and lymphocytes in glioma TME. b, d Circle plots and violin plots indicating the ligand-receptor pairs in SPP1 and GALECTIN pathways and their expression patterns across cell clusters. e UMAP coloured by graph-based cell clusters and inferred cell types at an increased resolution. f Dot plot displaying three canonical markers among the top differentially expressed genes across clusters. g, h Hallmark pathway analysis showing the top 15 enriched categories of differentially expressed genes in TAM-CCL3 (g) and TAM-SPP1 (h) (Log₂FC > 0.25, p < 0.05, n = 338 and 476) compared with other TAM subsets, coloured by normalized enrichment scores (NES) score. i Clinical prognostic prediction values for each TAM subtype in TCGA glioma patients. (with median value of gene expression used as cut-off. Green: high expression of biomarkers associated with better survival; red: high expression of biomarkers associated with poor survival ; ns: not significant)