Table 1 Vascular Oculopathies and Current Treatments

Corneal Neovascularization

(KNV)

Peri-corneal vessels grow and invade the stroma obstructing vision, causing blindness.

Laser photocoagulation, topical steroid treatments

[8]

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)

Retinal neovascularization in proliferative DR, which could progress to vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment, leading to blindness.

Laser photocoagulation,

Anti-VEGF therapy

[10]

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Exudation, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal neovascularization in the macula in wet AMD, leading to hemorrhage and acute blindess.

Anti-VEGF or anti-VEGF/Ang2 therapy,

Laser photocoagulation (less common)

[13, 14]

Sickle Cell Retinopathy (SCR)

Chronic vaso-occlusion. Non-proliferative (NP) SCR usually does not cause vision loss whereas proliferative PSCR leads to neovascularization, infarcts, vitreous hemorrhages, or retinal detachments in severe cases.

Laser photocoagulation,

Off-label anti-VEGF,

Hydroxyurea, red blood cell exchange transfusion

[11, 138]

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Retinal neovascularization in prematurely born babies, causing mild vision loss.

Laser photocoagulation,

Anti-VEGF therapy

[9]