Fig. 6
From: RNA editing enzymes: structure, biological functions and applications
Overview of the possible role of RNA editing in viruses. Viral RNA is recognized by MDA5 and RIG-I and activates downstream signaling pathways. IFN signals are transmitted to other cells through JAK/STAT and ISGF3, inducing ISG transcription, and subsequent antiviral activity. Increased editing of viral RNA by ADAR1 p150 contributes to viral immune evasion. A-to-I or C-to-U RNA editing induce viral genome mutations. A low degree of deamination increases the likelihood of producing viral variants with altered properties