Fig. 2
From: Macrophage heterogeneity and its interactions with stromal cells in tumour microenvironment
Macrophage–fibroblast interactions in the tumour microenvironment. a During tumour progression, activated CAFs (by cancer cells or TAMs) can secrete various cytokines to attract circulating monocytes towards the TME and then differentiate into TAMs. CAFs can suppress antitumour immunity by repressing both NK cells and T cells. b TAMs also secrete diverse factors to activate fibroblasts during immunosuppressive TME formation. Both TAMs and CAFs can remodel the tumour EMC. TAMs can secrete MMP to deposit collagen and promote fibrosis. TAM-activated CAFs can produce key enzymes related to EMC remodelling or directly produce ingredients