Fig. 2

Transcriptomic Profiling and Pathway Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in BBR-treated Mdr2^−/− mice. Liver RNA samples from each experimental group (three per group) underwent total transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). DEGs between the BBR-treated and control groups were identified using fold change (FC) and p-values (FC ≥ 2 and p-value < 0.05). Subsequent Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted. a Hierarchical clustering heatmaps display DEGs, with a Z-score normalization of RNA-seq data. Red and green colors signify up- and down-regulated gene expression, respectively. b Volcano plots show gene expression differences; red dots represent upregulated genes, green dots for downregulated genes, and black dots for genes not differentially expressed. c Top 15 enriched biological processes (GO-BP), d cellular components (GO-CC), and, e molecular functions (GO-MF). f Highlights the top 15 enriched pathways according to KEGG analysis