Fig. 2
From: Role of the P2 × 7 receptor in neurodegenerative diseases and its pharmacological properties
Schematic diagram of the P2 × 7R/TLR pathway in the mediation of inflammation. High concentrations of ATP activate P2 × 7R and open the ion channels to mediate Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux, which stimulate the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Both TLR and P2 × 7R activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, with TLR performing this function via the NF-κB pathway. The NLRP3 inflammasome converts pro-IL-1ß to active IL-1ß. The NLRP3 inflammation also plays a role in the conversion of pro-caspase-1 to caspase-1. The two pathways work together to secrete IL-1ß